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Fabricating mechanically robust graphene aerogels (GAs) without compromising their notable features including superelasticity, large surface area, high porosity, and low density is challenging. This work presents a new one-pot strategy based on ambient drying to fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) graphene-polyethylene aerogel (G-PEA) with a unique hierarchical porous structure, in which the highly porous polyethylene is encapsulated by graphene frameworks. The hierarchical G-PEA exhibited substantially enhanced compressive strength while maintaining low density and superelasticity comparable to those of bare GAs. The G-PEAs with 5 wt.% PE (G-PEA5) showed a significant improvement (up to 2083%) in compressive stress compared to bare GAs, which can be attributed to the porous PE support within the GA framework. The G-PEA5 retained 94% of its compressive stress after 100 compression cycles, which is still higher than that (~80%) of bare GAs, and maintained good elastic recovery. The designed hierarchical G-PEAs show great promise in the applications that require outstanding mechanical properties.